Friday, September 4, 2020

Description of his CLINICAL experience as a student in US from March Essay

Portrayal of his CLINICAL experience as an understudy in US from March till Sept first - Essay Example Not long after I finish my rounds, the doctor in control would ordinarily show up and I would go along with them during their own rounds to make sure I could be close by to clarify any inquiries they may have had about my patient notes. Since these specialists regularly had countless patients conceded in the clinic, they didn't have the opportunity to save when it came to confirmation of new patients in the crisis room under their consideration so I would frequently go to the crisis room in such cases so as to speak to the specialist as a major aspect of his clinical staff. My activity during this piece of the confirmations procedure was to help analyze what was feeble the patient and what conceivable band-aid measures can be applied until the specialist in control can really observe the patient. My crisis room notes would then turn out to be a piece of the patients determination graph that the specialist utilizes in thinking about the potential sicknesses and treatment for the patie nt. At whatever point called upon, I likewise assumed the undertaking of composing the release outlines for patients who were getting their â€Å"clear to go home† affirmations. The majority of the work I did as portrayed above was done under the incredible oversight of Dr. Varon from inward medication. He energetically permitted me to see a portion of his patients so as to help sharpen my diagnosing aptitudes. I composed notes relating to his patients conditions that he would then strangely examine with me, permitting me an opportunity to propose different medicines and investigating the consequences of the medicines as I applied them to the patient. He was extremely strong and permitted me an enormous measure of space to develop and learn as a doctor. Beside working broadly with Dr. Varon in his facility, I additionally finished hours in the radiology office. Here I helped the professionals run their x-beam machines, broke down the x-beam results nearby an authorized radiologist. I likewise partook in the exhibition of ultrasound, MRI, and CT filter assessments, helping the professionals to appropriately break down

Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Whats your story an Example of the Topic Personal Essays by

Whats your story? I was brought into the world half dark American and half Sierra Leonian. My mother was dark American and my dad was Sierra-Leonian. I was conceived and raise here in the United States, being brought up here my mother and father are consistently there to manage me however there are times that we are being segregated. There was one example wherein my mother, grandma and I went to the store to look for school outfits. The saleslady was white and she wanted to help white lady and her little girl. At that exact second there's felt an ache of torment in my heart part's of inquiry ran into my brain I need to ask her for what valid reason is she like that however we simply chose to never backpedal on that store since they don't have a clue how to regard individuals. After that occurrence my mother and father accentuate to me the significance of training and everything that you do. They disclosed to me that in the event that I need to accomplished something in my life I should buckle down for it simply like what my dad does. Need exposition test on Whats your story? theme? We will compose a custom exposition test explicitly for you Continue He make a solid effort to give us appropriate training. My mother likewise disclosed to me that I ought to consistently remain center around my dislike those other American-African young ladies whose basically concerned are dating, tattling, completing their nails, delightful garments and so on in light of the fact that it won't do any great from me, it just fills in as an interruption, and interruption won't do any great. Notwithstanding that, they disclosed to me that training is the best thing that they can give me, since it will help me accomplished all the objectives I have in my life and nobody will control and utilized me, and as an informed individual we should underscore to those individuals who separate us that however we are brought into the world with two distinctive race we are a decent individual, with great hear and psyche. Moreover, on the narrative of Amy Tan's Rules of the Game I felt an association there among me and the character. On Rule's of the Games I felt the association among me and Waverly Place Jong a Chinese young lady living on San Francisco's Chinatown.. Much the same as her she likewise experienced being segregated as a Chinese yet in the midst of that she despite everything figure out how to remain all alone by learning on the most proficient method to play chess. From the start, she lose with her sibling's nevertheless what she did is she taken in the method by playing it again and again, she acquired books from the library and concentrated every chess piece, and subsequent to considering and acing all the stunts on the most proficient method to play game and began to get a few acknowledgments. She joins loads of competitions and thrashing heaps of American young men and young ladies. I had an encounter route back on my senior year I joined a verse and paper challenge for NAACP, I won bronze award for verse however lost the exposition challenge. In any case, it doesn't obstruct me to quit composing. I felt better and awful simultaneously yet what the most significant is I know to myself that I can make contrast. Not all individuals are skilled to have a capacity to compose a sonnet that is the reason I truly felt great when I won on the verse challenge and I additionally accept that you can't have the best of the two universes simply be happy that one piece of it came to you. White are dark American is of two people who has an alternate character, convictions, thoughts and practices, yet it doesn't imply that we should treat them in an unexpected way. We have to regard who they are whether they are dark or white. As of me, I'm glad being dark American. I'm glad that my folk s raise me to be an aware, mindful and cherishing person. Works Cited Tan, Amy. Rules of the Game. 29, November 2007. Recitatif. Enotes.com. 29, November 2007.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The Last Leaf Review free essay sample

O Henry consistently makes them state O sublime! The abhorrent plots, the cautious work on the minutest of the moment subtleties, the erratic amazement endings, the innovative utilization of implication thus significantly more. He set out to exemplify the unpleasant Pneumonia as the chilly, inconspicuous outsider! THE LAST LEAF stays one of my preferred short stories composed by him. The plot rotates around two craftsman young ladies Sue and Johnsy who have their own studio in interesting old Greenwich Village. Theirs was a relationship cultivated on shared trust and their normal preferences for workmanship, chicory plate of mixed greens and priest sleeves! All went hunky dory till Johnsy became sick with pneumonia one cold November month. The ailment appeared to deplete out the last dashes of will and womanly taste from her being. She lay the entire day on her bed anticipating her demise, watching out of the window lazily. The specialist put her odds at one-in-ten, which he expand to one-in-five if Sue figured out how to get Johnsy to pose one inquiry about the new winter styles in shroud sleeves! Here the creator attempts to concoct humor from a womans regular eye for design. We will compose a custom paper test on The Last Leaf Review or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Bothered by the specialists decision Sue cried a Japanese napkin to a mash another regular womanly response! She, at no cost, needed to lose a companion who shared such a great amount for all intents and purpose with her and who had, for as far back as one year, been her firm buddy in everything from her aesthetic victories to her own incidental data. With overwhelming sadness she assembled her planning phase and paintbrush (and a lot of will) and advanced into Johnsys room. Johnsy lay there still as death itself. Sue started taking a shot at a representation for a magazine story. Youthful specialists must clear their approach to Art by drawing pictures for magazine stories that youthful writers write to clear their approach to Literature! Here the creator has dexterously rawn a correlation between the two classes of strugglers and exposed how the two, regardless of being so extraordinary in their sorts, together make an awesome piece! What number of us have really perused up a story on the grounds that the outlines were engaging?! Returning to the story, our courageous woman Sue stayed the re in the room portraying sincerely, attempting to suffocate her distress into her specialty. Out of nowhere the sound of low groans broke her stupor. She went rapidly to Johnsys bedside. She was lying there eyes open wide and fixed outside the window. She was tallying checking in reverse! Sues caring looks found that Johnsy had her eyes on an old, old vine, the leaves of which had been ripped off its body, uncovering the spoiling skeleton. It had been losing leaves at a disturbing rate, from over a hundred leaves on it three days back to five Just at that point. In her edginess Johnsy shouted out that her life would double-cross her the day the last leaf fell! Her companion reproached her with brilliant contempt, calling her an empty head! She pronounced that she wouldnt leave the room until she saw the last leaf tumble off, which she was certain would occur before dull, and demonstrate Johnsys jumpy feelings of dread unwarranted. On the ground floor of Sues studio lived old Behrman. He was more than sixty and donned a long Michael Angelo Moses whiskers dangling over a mischievous body. A disappointment in workmanship his planning phase had held up forty years to get the main line of the extraordinary perfect work of art he intended to make! It was all the while pausing. He got by filling in as a model to youthful specialists. Also, Sue was his customary client. Soon thereafter Sue headed toward Behrman to get him to him. The elderly person was noticeably stunned at what he heard and jabbered about outlandish individuals of the world. In any case, Sue returned home once her work was finished. Days passed and the old vine began making little strides to getting bare! As every day went back and forth, its leaves say goodbye in a steady progression. What's more, Johnsy her conviction was turning into a reality! She was gradually sneaking away into death. So the leaves fell in a steady progression until one absolute last! Johnsy busied herself saying goodbye to her last to the world. Days sneaked away like sand; soon and quick, yet the last leaf would not tumble off, decided not to deceive its exposed host! Downpour, sparkle or the dusk, nothing might make it go separate ways with the vine. The young lady paused and she stood by still and afterward her understanding wore off. The presumed that God didnt need her in his realm and understood that requesting demise was a transgression. Just because through her disease she requested her stock without trusting that Sue will Jostle it down her throat. Before long she was her actual self again physically functional! One evening as the two young ladies sat sewing, Sue broke the updates on old Behrmans passing from pneumonia. He was discovered cold and wet and in torment and alongside him was a palette with green and yellow hues blended on it. Nobody had asked why the last leaf never rippled, never moved Behrman had at long last conveyed his magnum opus! He had painted it the night the last leaf fell!

Organic Chicken Farming Advantages And Disadvantages Environmental Sciences Essay

Natural Chicken Farming Advantages And Disadvantages Environmental Sciences Essay One of the principle objectives of natural chicken cultivating is independence. Assuming liability from start to finish of the existence pattern of chickens, and making a progressively maintainable homestead is one of their missions. Natural chicken have been found to have less poisons than financially raised poultry which regularly contains hormones, anti-microbials, and follow measures of pesticides (Wozniak 2010). Natural ranches use brooders; chicken tractors, natural feed, just as the Government Districts gave the fundamental gear expected to do the handling. The District buys a lot of Kill Cones, a Scalder and a Plucker from the Featherman Company to lease to little ranchers for on ranch use, and we were the primary homestead that pre-owned this gear. While dissecting the upsides of natural poultry, flavor, supplements, and absence of synthetics being available will in general exceed the value change. Numerous perspectives about meat quality are likewise mulled over when handli ng natural chicken. Numerous things should be distinguished, for example, age at butchering, physical movement, field consumption, and hereditary strains (Castellini 2008). The chickens at most of natural homesteads are not given any development hormones or anti-toxins. This procedure is making new mindfulness about industrially raised chicken, which may likewise be presented to contaminants, similar to substantial metals, which show up in some business chicken food (Fakayode 2003). Wellbeing dangers for monetarily raised chickens contrasted with naturally developed privately handled chickens, is common all through our food industry, and homesteads need to make a move. Presentation Natural chicken cultivating is viewed as more gainful than different types of natural meat creation on the grounds that the creatures occupy less room and develop to huge sizes moderately rapidly. Natural chicken is raised without anti-infection agents because of hormones being unlawful in the United States. The wellbeing of your chicken run is progressively hard to stay aware of because of the absence of medications to speed advancement. Natural feed costs more than ordinary feed, yet natural chickens are sold at greater expenses. The great exceeds the challenges with regards to natural chicken raising and handling. The utilization of natural feed, has been created without synthetic substances and has not had any synthetic compounds that were applied for at any rate three years. The cost increments for natural chickens are because of the expense of feed, creation, and work required for handling and the additional consideration that is utilized for natural chickens. The materials uti lized for cleaning animals offices ought to be non-engineered or they ought to be on the National List and reliably utilized with any limitations. Presently, the main engineered hardware and office cleaners permitted in natural homesteads are chlorine items, for example, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, and chlorine dioxide; hydrogen peroxide, and phosphoric corrosive. Natural food creation has expanded 20% per year, which is a long ways in front of the remainder of the business, everywhere throughout the world (Fakayode 2003). Strategies Natural Chicken Processing starts with a region called a brooder. A brooder is a warmed holder that can have its temperature controlled in at any rate one zone. It is utilized to keep chickens with their feed and water until about a month and a half old at that point put outside. Following a month and a half old the oven chickens are taken and moved into chicken tractors which are made out of completely reused material, and incorporates reused folded plastic material. With half of the rooftop open and the other half plastic material, it permits the chickens to be shielded from climate conditions. The encased box is without a story, a ringer consumer is utilized for water, and chicken feeders are put along the tractor, under the encased region. Chickens are taken care of two times every day natural grain mix. These chicken tractors keep chickens shielded from predators, for example, coyote, raccoons, and owls. It additionally permits chickens to prepare the fields. They are put on an exacting revolution timetable of a few times each day pivot to clear grass zones. The pen is then moved two times each day with the goal that the chickens excrement will be spread out more and wont kill the grass as without any problem. It will likewise permit the chickens all the more new grass. A unique dolly is set under one of the 10ft. sides. The pen is then pulled from the furthest edge. A wire with a bit of cut nursery hose on it is connected to the base board at every one of the edges of the 10ft. side. The individual at that point lifts up the finish of the pen with the wire, clutching the nursery hose and pulls the pen with the improvised dolly 12ft. until the back edge of the pen is the place the front end was before moving. On ranch butcher is really a procedure, requiring specific hardware, arranging and difficult work. The Pierce County Conservation District gives natural ranches of the territory fundamental hardware expected to proceed with the preparing. The District buys Kill Cones, Scalder, and a Plucker from the Featherman Company to lease to little ranchers for on ranch use. The preparing starts with embeddings the chickens head down into the slaughter cones, getting a handle on the head and slicing the carotid veins to productively drain the chickens. The subsequent stage is hanging the winged creatures two at once on the dunker and singed them in 150F water to release the plumes. A 5-7 second dunk into the dunker takes into account the plumes to be pulled out by hand without obstruction. The fowls are then positioned into the plucker, which seems as though a clothes washer, and it culls them clean. The last advances are; cutting the feet off, pull off head, kill, wash and chill the feathered creatures. Refrigerate the feathered creatures and freeze them in gallon packs. Results Natural cultivating considers the earths expanding populace to add to a sound, cheerful, and normal world. The variety of advantages that are made when cultivating naturally, make positive angles for the immediate species and the earth. The reusing of natural squanders as soil increments is particularly advanced in manageable horticultural cultivating frameworks. Because of the zone the chickens are brought up in, we as shoppers rely upon natural meat quality, which is effortlessly decided. There are numerous things that should be distinguished, for example, age at butchering, physical action, field consumption, and hereditary strains (Castellini 2008). Natural food creation is very directed industry, unique in relation to that of private cultivating. Exceptional accreditation is utilized so as to advertise food as natural inside state fringes. A few accreditations take into account certain measures of synthetic substances and pesticides to be utilized so shoppers need to the guideli nes of natural in there region. Business chicken has the chance of being presented to overwhelming metals and different contaminants (Fakayode 2003). Natural chicken meat has numerous positive viewpoints that join it. Natural meat has been found to have a shorter time span of usability and have less fat substance contrasted with generally raised and monetarily prepared chicken (Lewis et al. 1997). The assortment of augmentations that are found in industrially raised poultry incorporate hormones, anti-toxins, and different measures of pesticides, all that could influence a populaces wellbeing (Wozniak 2010). This makes an expansion in the wellbeing impacts for natural chicken and takes into account the nonappearance of synthetic substances into our frameworks. Wellbeing can likewise be contrarily influenced if the natural chicken is raised inappropriately, and might convey a higher instance of salmonella. Wellbeing dangers that are related with industrially raised chickens and the anti-toxins that are utilized on them, have been appeared with research to build danger of malignant growth, beginning of pubescence, and germ obstructio n in certain individuals (Salter 2010). On natural homesteads, soil fruitfulness is kept up principally with natural issue from animals that are available, as opposed to traditional ranchers who utilize new compost, substance manures, and a lot of pesticides. Natural chicken has various flavors because of the absence of these pesticides and composts. There is likewise more flavor in chicken that is not economically delivered, it will in general be giver and have increasingly complex flavors (Castellini 2006). The advantages exceed the expenses of making a natural homestead. A few issues spinning around natural chicken have been found to have more fat than protein in certain ranches because of sort of natural food admission (Wang 2010). Upgrade of biodiversity through natural cultivating ought not be thought to be great; the advantages might be counterbalanced by crop type, natural administration rehearses and the particular living space necessities in the encompassing scene. Because of the enormous assortments of natural cultivating rehearses each homestead has its own prerequisites dependent on state gave guidelines. Cost is likewise of issue because of the significant expenses of feed grain for natural chicken and this thus is causing an expansion in chicken costs at business sectors. Natural chicken has numerous medical advantages and furthermore a few hindrances to buyers. These issues are altogether being inquired about in the ecological world, and will keep on kicking off something new. Cost, creation, and dealing with strategies are totally estimated and determined so as to show the known points of interest of natural ranches preparing chickens. Maintainability is a significant issue to natural homesteads and with completely preparing chickens it will make a hover of harmony between the chicken egg as far as possible up until it is handled.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Drugs and athletes Essay Example For Students

Medications and competitors Essay In numerous schools competitors are required to sign an agreement so as to play sports. The agreements incorporate of numerous standards and guidelines that forbid exercises that will endanger the competitors execution. The utilization of medications and liquor are carefully illegal. Vandalism and different activities that would bring about an unlawful happenings is additionally prohibited. The fundamental issue with the agreements is that the understudies dont consistently obey them. Numerous competitors will even now go out and gathering and drink and smoke and get into different exercises that will hurt their psyches and bodies. Energizers are drugs that animate the focal sensory system and produce an expansion in readiness and movement. They incorporate caffeine, cocaine, and the amphetamines. The amphetamines are made out of three firmly related medications that invigorate the focal sensory system and advance a sentiment of sharpness and an expansion in discourse and general physical action. A few people consume these medications under clinical watch to control their hunger, however a significant number of these medications are utilized at gatherings to get high. Abuse and misuse have been related with the entirety of the energizer drugs, yet chances are the best with the amphetamines and cocaine. Opiates are drugs that alleviate torment and frequently actuate rest. Opiates incorporate opium and medications got from opium, for example, morphine, codeine, and heroin. Opiates additionally incorporate certain engineered synthetics that have a morphine-like activity, for example, methadone. The vast majority o f these medications will leave an enduring impact for all the more then one day. Like an aftereffect from liquor, these medications will make you amazingly worn out or even debilitated the following day. Medications are precluded by athletic offices since they adjust your presentation. On the off chance that a competitor utilizes one of these medications they can have enduring impact on them at some point during a game or at training. All medications are unlawful, and by competitors utilizing them they set an awful model. Numerous more youthful understudies admire the star competitors in a school and in the event that they use tranquilizes that is definitely not a decent impression to make. Schools do have disciplines for competitors discovered disregarding the agreement however more often than not they arent sufficiently brutal. Medications are an intense issue in all understudies lives, yet on the off chance that competitors use them they can have a far and away more terrible impact. They could even imperil potential grants that a competitor could accomplish. Medications in any shape or structure have soo quite a bit of a seriouseffect of the body that noone ought to try and need to do them and in the event that they do theyre just squandering their own lives away. List of sources:

Saturday, August 8, 2020

Flow Writing Like Yourself

Flow Writing Like Yourself Not every writer is an artist. Not every piece of writing is a work of art. I realized this last year as a high school senior when I was frantically typing up essays fueled by caffeine and a tinge of desperation. Each college admissions essay was supposed to present all the best sides of me, highlighting my accomplishments, challenges Id overcome, my individuality, and my impressive vocabulary. Being word-limit averse and untrained in the ways of the humblebrag, I was challenged. In addition, I was confronted with A LOT of anxiety about whether my writing came across as narcissistic or just plain pretentious. I felt uncomfortable using the words I and me more than once every few sentences. I cringed a little when I typed the words goals and future because I was uncertain about both (and still am). In addition, I felt like each of the essays I wrote could be the most important of my life, yet they felt so uninspired on the whole and misrepresentative of what I really wanted to write about. Fast forward to today, and I can point to every misconception in the preceding paragraph. As one of the freshly admitted young bloggers, I am not very far removed from the circus that was college applications for me and likely for others. Therefore, I feel a sense of duty in debunking my own past ideas about these essays, because maybe theyre similar to yours. 1. Its virtually impossible to summarize yourself in a few paragraphs. You are not 100 words or 250 words or 500 words. You are not a response to a prompt. You are not your résumé. Specifically for the MIT application, the point of several short writing prompts separate from the Activities section is to capture a glimpse of you outside of what you look like on paper. Each little essay is a snapshot of you as a person instead of you as a data point (coughcoughcollegeconfidentialcoughcough). A snapshot doesnt show every detail of your face. Likewise, these mini-essays may not represent you in all your 1080p HD glory. 2. You dont need to use the essays to prove that you are accomplished. Thats not the point. This is where you try to connect with the readers and show them who you are and what drives you. Mentioning your multiple international awards in science or mathematics even in passing is just unnecessary. (Side note: most people who make the decision to apply to MIT are in fact accomplished anywayIll let you figure out if this is causal or correlative.) 3. You dont need to use the essays to prove that you have overcome insurmountable odds. Realistically speaking, you probably havent. And thats okay. But what about the most significant challenge question?  Your most significant challenge may seem insignificant if you compare it to other hypothetical applicants. But you are not them, so dont stress over not sounding as resilient as them. Theres this weird trend in the college application game where people try to one-up other peoples personal challenges or even suffering. Its not a competitionjust be honest. 4. Your ability to use thesaurus.com will not get you into any college. I love polysyllabic verbiage as much as the next person, but deliberately employing SAT words-of-the-week tends to interrupt the flow of your writing, detracting from your personal style rather than bolstering it. Unless, of course, refined loquacity is your style of writing, you can save the fancy words for more formal writing. 5. Most people feel weird writing about themselvesits okay. Keep in mind that these essays are by you and about you, so I and me are entirely appropriate. Autobiography and personal narrative are hardly ever considered narcissistic art forms, so why should you feel that way about your own writing? Once again, the purpose of the essays is to show who you are to the group of strangers who decide if you would be a good fit for the school. Who better to develop your character than you? 6. Application essays may not be your best writing, but they dont have to be. Have you ever heard of one of these essays winning a major award? Probably not. Likewise, your essays do not need to be adaptable into an Oscar-winning screenplay, eligible for a Nobel Prize in Literature, or even publishable in a school literary magazine. Im not saying that you shouldnt put effort into writing your essays well, but I will admit that what I submitted was not my best writing by a long shot. The fact that I dont remember how I answered a couple of the questions should be evidence enough of the fact that my essays werent groundbreaking or profound. People are able to get in even with spelling errors in their applications. Less than perfect writing is not a dealbreaker, but please proofread anyway. So how should I start writing these essays? The trick is that there isnt a trick to it. I can tell you what works for me, though. After some rushed essays destined for schools that werent MIT, I settled into a groove of writing for the college application. This groove is what people call flow or the zone a state of enjoyably intense focus on or absorption in a task. Flow is the best thing that Ive experienced at MIT so far. Last Sunday, I knocked out two psets, one after the other, days before they were due. If youve never gone here, maybe you dont understand the amount of focus and time that takes. But I enjoyed it. A side effect has been that Ive been seeing psets in things that are definitely not psets. As I watched the MIT Symphony Orchestra, I couldnt help but see the F-holes (yes thats what theyre called) in the cellos as double integrals. Walking across the Harvard Bridge, I briefly thought that the oxygen at the end of the word CITGO on that famous sign near Fenway needed some lone pairs in order to be accurate. Ive found that my writing is better when Im in a mental state similar to flow. I keep the objective at the back of my mind for a few days, looking for inspiration in the ordinary along the way. Then I sit down to write, loosely at first, refining my thoughts as I go. There is nothing wrong with starting over if your first attempt doesnt work out. Of course, this is easier to do when you arent rushing to submit an essay before a deadline. Its also easy to forget that the first attempt may be the hardest one. Writers block is a terrible affliction with no known cure, but here are some ways Ive tried to fight it. (Commence list number 2!) 1. Draw some doodles. Squiggly lines help you to think creatively. (This helps me, at least). 2. Move around. Go for a walk. Dance a little. Get the blood flowing to your brain. 3. Play a simple game. This may seem counterintuitive if focus is your main goal, but your subconscious mind will be working on the whole writers block issue while you play (so its smart to take this kind of break). So there you have it, Early Action applicants who maybe havent started on Part 2 yet (Ive kind of been in your shoes). Best of luck.

Wednesday, June 24, 2020

The 20 Best Graduate Level Creative Writing

In order to make it in your dream field, the demands for higher education are growing exponentially. This is especially true in more creative fields that dont necessarily have a particular career path laid out in front of them. Aspiring writers need to find their skill set, develop their techniques and then on top of that; they must find a steady career that pays the bills and leaves them satisfied. It can be a tricky balance, and not everyone finds it, but there are programs that can help students seeking it along the way. Students can also get creative about how they use online programs, such as through Massive Open Online Courses. In general, though, students need accredited programs that will get them a degree or a certification. Specifically, for people seeking graduate programs in creative writing, there are programs around the world that each offer a unique way of attaining those goals. ​In the modern world, people have busy lives that they must balance with an education. This typically means students dont have the ability to regularly attend a campus program, so they must find something more flexible. Online education and distance learning is usually the answer, and there are endless options out there for anyone willing to look. In fact, a quick search of a database results in over 21,000 online schools that are accredited. To save some time here is a list of 20 of the best graduate-level online creative writing programs. This list was determined based on some factors including price, the length of the program, flexibility of course load and any fun facts that were discovered along the way. 20 Penn State University This first entry is more of an honorable mention than a true ranking. In the English department, the creative writing program is blended well between the graduate and undergraduate segments. This is technically an honorable mention, as Penn States graduate program in English is mostly in person, but it offers so much and is worth looking over. This is due to their extremely low student to faculty ratio at 2:1. They walk students through the building of a portfolio and perfecting it. The tuition rate varies by program and number of credits taken. You can learn more about Penn States graduate program more about the Penn State Creative Writing Program here 19 National University Between their main campus in California and several locations throughout Nevada, National University has a large community but still manages to offer personalized programming for all. This best MFA creative writing program is a rare completely online offering of various focuses, such as Fiction, Non-Fiction or Screenwriting. There are accelerated options that consist of month-long workshops to speed up the program. Students can also interact with other students in the comfort of their own home by submitting work online and receiving feedback while helping others. After completing their MFA in creative writing graduates have found jobs with: telecommunications book publishers colleges and universities public relations/ marketing firms consulting firms business and industry non-profit organizations You can learn more about the National University Creative Writing program here​ 18 Ashland University Ashland is an institution in Ohio with multiple campuses and fantastic programs. There is flexibility regarding what focuses they can choose, what courses they take as electives and what residency they decide to fill that small requirement. This low residency MFA creative writing program specifically requires 6 weeks on campus, over the course of three, two-week sessions that involve workshops, lectures, and peer reviews. This library science degree in Ohio is designed to be completed in 2 years if desired and is 45 credits. You can learn more about the Ashland University Creative Writing program here​. 17 Stanford University A consistent standout school in the field of creative writing is Stanford. It is often considered a top school in national rankings completed by well-respected institutions, such as the New York Times and the Princeton Review. Another ranking placed it in the league of top schools of the world. Among their graduates are eight Nobel Prize winners and 114 Rhodes Scholars. In their school of continuing studies, Stanford offers a Certificate program in Novel Writing which involves seven courses taken over two years. The students participate in varying topics and are given individual attention to harness their craft. This bachelor degree in English with a minor in creative writing is a popular one at Stanford. You can learn more about the Stanford University Creative Writing program here. ​ 16 University of Nebraska Though the tuition rate is slightly higher than the previous offerings on this list at $626 per credit, the University of Nebraska Omaha offers a unique program that fits the bill. This program is longer than others, at 60 credit hours to allow for a more in-depth approach. One or two-week residencies allow for a larger connection as well as students work in depth on their projects in small groups to increase the quality of their work. UNL offers both an M.A .as well as a Ph.D in Creative Writing. The faculty is cite vetted based on their ability to reach adult learners in the field and to accommodate their education experiences. Graduates of UNLs creative writing program have impressive accomplishments including publishing in the New York Times, Peoplemagazine, Wall Street JournalandVogue. They have also been recognized by the Pulizer Prize, National Public Radio (NPR) and The Today Show. You can learn more about the University of Nebraska Creative Writing program here​. 15 Texas Tech University This is another program that is rare in that it offers its program entirely online with no residency required. The Masters in English program at TTU matches the one that is on campus, with course topics covering the broad spectrum of English and creative writing with depth and experience. Concentrations are available, such as Book, History, Film and Media Studies. For all of its programs, Texas Tech is frequently featured on top national lists, including U.S. News and World Report. The current rate varies per program, amount of credits and location. You can learn more about the Texas Tech Creative Writing programs here. 14 Lindenwood University Another school with high regards from national rankings is Lindenwood University, which is located in Saint Charles, Missouri. The main reasons for the high praise are the low student to teacher ratio, at 13:1, and their excellent guest speaker series. With this best low residency MFA creative writing program the student is working through a 48 credit program that is designed to be flexible regarding the timeline and courses taken. Students can apply at any time of the year and transfer in up to nine credits. Choices of courses include literary fiction, narrative journalism, and poetry, among other options. Students of this top creative writing graduate program are not required to choose one focus and can build their degree as they see fit. You can learn more about Lindenwood Universitys Creative Writing Programs here​. 13 Mississippi University for Women The name of this school is misleading, as the school became a coeducational program in the early 1980s. During time in the MFA, creative writing students can expect a 48 credit course with six credits to be completed on campus. The rest of this low residency MFA creative writing program consists of workshops, form, electives and at the end a six-credit thesis. As with many of the other programs on this list, the school encourages diversifying in courses taken. They also have a low student to teacher ratio and encourage individualized attention to work. You can learn more about the Mississippi University for Women Creative Writing programs here. 12 Slippery Rock University Slippery Rock University (SRU) carries an online Masters in English that allows students to work practically in their chosen field, such as education, government, or technical writing. This program 30 credits and can be completed in 15 months. It is completely web-based, with additional requirements for collaborative projects and work in their field. They have been featured on quality school lists, such as those produced by U.S. News and World Report. After completing this best graduate online degree in creative writing you may consider a job as a grant writer teachnical writer web content strategist librarian teacher You can learn more about the Slippery Rock University Creative Writing degree programs here​. 11 The University of Denver The University of Denver prides itself on being one of the oldest colleges in the western region of the United States. It is also one of the most well-regarded ones, with frequent rankings in national lists, such as U.S. News, Washington Monthly, and Forbes. Though they are known especially for their business program, they also have an excellent creative writing program. This best MLS in Arts and Culture with a concentration in Creative Writing requires 48 credits in total to complete, with courses in various topics such as Fiction, Literature, and Screenwriting. To increase the speed of the program, courses are ten weeks in length and can be taken both online and in person as the student wishes. University of Denver also offers a Ph.D in English Literary Arts with a concentration in Creative Writing. Students will choose either a poetry or prose track. Poets Writers ranked the University of Denver the top creative writing program in the country. You can learn more about the University of Denver Creative Writing Programs here​. 10 Southern New Hampshire University This program situated in New England offers one of the largest programs available online, with over 200 programs in operation. The school has grown over its nearly 90 years after starting with only two programs. Regardless of the choice of program, the faculties are experts in their field and experts in the Southern New Hampshire University online teaching methods. Support is also extensive, no matter what time or day. Their MA in English and Creative Writing has concentrations in varying topics, such as Fiction or Screenwriting. Regardless of the choice of concentration, there is then a core of courses to complete and a capstone that completes the program, culminating in a portfolio of their work completed throughout the program. The courses are ten weeks in length and the program can be completed in just over a year. No GRE or GMAT is required for this MA in creative writing. Graduates of SNHU receive an excellent foundation if they want to go on to to write a novel or screenplay and may go on to jobs such as business marketing and communications publishing education You can learn more about the Southern New Hampshire Creative Writing programs here​. 9 Ohio Dominican University Aside from the quality of this program, Ohio Dominican University also rates well due to its affordable rate, entirely online format and time to completion in as little as 18 months. This program Masters in English is 33 credits in total that cover topics such as American Literature, Fiction, and Graduate Writing. There is flexibility in the outcome of the program, such as a thesis or non-thesis track. National rankings, such as U.S. News and World Report often include this school on their lists and correctly site the English program for its quality. You can learn more about the Ohio Dominican Creative Writing Programs here. ​ 8 Fairfield University Also located in New England is Fairfield University. This is a comparatively smaller program to others here, but there are many programs of study to choose from. They offer an accelerated MFA in Creative Writing program with various concentrations and even the option to take multiple concentrations. Fairfield University offers a unique bi-annual residency at Enders Island in Mystic, CT, which allows students to feel like they are part of a writing community. Graduates of this best MFA in creative writing program have published dozens of books as well as articles, essays poems and stories in recent years. You can learn more about the Fairfield University Creative Writing program here. 7 Converse College This school has the tiniest population to date on this list, at 1,400 and a student to teacher ratio of 12:1. This is due mostly to the undergraduate program being strictly females. However, the graduate programs are open to all genders. Their MFA consists of 48 credits and a small residency requirement of four, 9-day residencies. The emphasis of the program is for writers of poetry, fiction, nonfiction or environmental writing and each student must craft a project that is the length of a book. One unique quality that boosts this low residency MFA in creative writing program above others is the individual attention from not only instructors but established writers in the field who provide critiques. Publishers Weekly listed Converse as an MFA Program To Watch. You can learn more about the Converse College Creative Writing Programs here. ​ 6 Tiffin University Tiffin University has one of the best combinations of qualities on this list. The school offers programs that are entirely online, and the value continues from there. For aspiring writers, they offer a Master of Humanities with a concentration in Creative Writing. With this best creative writing program the work is not only completely online, but can also be completed in just a year and a half if the student wishes. During that time, courses to choose from include topics related to novel writing, writing for film or television, among others. Upon completion, graduates can pursue careers at prominent companies, such as Disney. ​You can learn more about the Tiffin University Creative Writing Programs here. 5 Western New England University This Massachusetts institution is nearing its centennial and has proven its quality over that storied history. Like most of the programs on this list, they pride themselves on the ability to offer a low student to faculty ratio and strive to provide one-on-one attention. This is particularly true in the MFA, with the stunning ratio of 5:1. Their best MFA in Creative Writing (fiction) is 48 credits and is mostly online. The program is crafted to meet the individuals needs, which are determined by student and adviser discussions, as well as the interest of the student. This low residency MFA consists of a week of meeting with faculty and other writers as well as workshops for current work. You can learn more about Western New England University Creative Writing programs here. ​ 4 Liberty University Liberty is popular in the online education community because they have proven over time that they can provide excellent education across all of their programs. They have extensive resources both online and on campus and are accommodating to the specific needs of students. This affordable online MA in professional writing will give students practical skills needed in numerous jobs. Three courses are in collaboration with New York Times best selling novelist Karen Kingsbury, who will provide insight into the writing and publishing process. You can learn more about the Liberty University Creative Writing programs here. ​ 3 Adelphi University Adelphi Univeristy is another best MFA in Creative Writing program that offers an intimate setting. AU emphasizes creativity while also teaching practical skills, such as how to submit a manuscript or how to apply for writing jobs. They merge historical studies of the writing craft with modern influences, such as social media and technology. The program is 40 credits in total, so it is shorter than other programs, but also carries a higher average tuition rate. Their Practicum will actively engage students in the writing community by connecting with literary agents, publishers and literary organizations such as PEN America and Cave Canem Foundation, Inc. You can learn more about the Adelphi University Creative Writing programs here. ​ 2 Wilkes University This private institution has several locations around the United States that pairs well with its mission to meet the needs of students. Regardless of location, the student to faculty ratio is a respectively low 14:1. They encourage teamwork and collaboration via forums in which students can share work to be peer reviewed. Their guest speaker list is impressive as well, boasting names such as Norman Mailer and Bob Woodward. Their MA/MFA in Creative Writing has two options of studies, with a traditional track that includes an eight-day residency, or the other track allows for four-weekend sessions a semester. Students of this best masters in creative writing program can further customize their experience with a choice of seven focuses including: Fiction Creative Nonfiction Documentary Film Screenwriting Playwriting You can learn more about the Wilkes University Creative Writing Programs here. ​ 1 Harvard University The prestigious Harvard University comes in at the top of this best Masters in Creative Writing ranking. Harvard Extension School offers this ALM in Creative Writing and Literature online, though it requires a 1 or 3 week on campus residency. The degree consists of 12 courses and the completion of a creative writing piece (50 page minimum). Harvard Extension School has an Earn Your Way In policy, which requires prospective students to take 2 courses to qualify for admission. Being supported and connecting with the Harvard community is important, and students will work closely with their advisor as well as be offered opportunities around campus to ensure success in the program. Pursuing this online masters in creative writing from Harvard will allow writers to master their craft and pursue the career they desire. You can learn more about Harvard University Extension Schools Masters in Creative Writing and Literature here. Related Articles The 20 Best Performing Arts Degree Programs The Best Online Music Degree Programs

Saturday, May 23, 2020

The Impact of Steroid Allegations on Sports Heroes and...

Just Win Perhaps more than at any other time in the history of professional sports, todays contemporary sports climate provides an intimacy of details about the usage of steroids and performance enhancing drugs for some of the worlds most popular athletes. Whereas once the uncovering of an athletes illicit use of such substances was shocking and anomalous, contemporary stories of steroid use are fairly routine and even commonplace in certain sports, such as Major League Baseball. Allegations levied against athletes like Mark McGuire and Sammy Sosa (who waged an epic battle for the single season record of number of home runs hit in 1998) would appear to have a significant impact on the many sports fans who regard these athletes as sports heroes. Yet what is most interesting about this phenomenon of more and more popular, highly paid athletes admitting to using performance enhancing drugs is the fact that for the most part, these admissions do not appear to significantly affect peoples view of them. Instead, it appears as though most fans simply care about the performance of their heroes, regardless of how they are able to perform at such a lofty level. There are several key indicators that demonstrate that fans are not adversely affected by allegations of steroid usage by their favorite professional athletes. A number of these apply specifically to professional baseball in the United States, although they are valid for other sporting events and leagues as well. DenverShow MoreRelatedGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesd. Main reasons for environmental problems nowadays 5. Religion a. Religion divides more than it unites b. Religion and politics c. Science and religion 6. Terrorism a. Can terrorism ever be eradicated? 7. Sports a. True purpose of sports nowadays b. Sports and Media 8. Foreign Aid a. How effective is Foreign Aid? 9. Migration a. Is migration/having foreigners good? 10. Subjects a. Literature b. History c. Mathematics d. Universal language 11. Businesses

Monday, May 18, 2020

The World Where Steam Power Is The Primary Form Of Energy

Imagine a world where steam power is the primary form of energy, where Victorian style is still in full bloom, and where technology is king, yet it is not the technology of today, but the technology of today as the Victorians might have imagined it. Add in a hefty dose of gears and mechanical parts, a large helping of fantasy and science fiction and top it all off with alternate history as it â€Å"might have been†, and you will have the steampunk world. Steampunk started as a subgenre of science fiction and alternate history back in the 1980s, and was a fairly underground subculture until recently. Growing in popularity, steampunk is close to mainstream now; with clothing, furniture, decorating items and films all designed to suit the Victorian, yet modern sensibility. Despite its climb to conventional, steampunk still relies on an individual outlook, a taste for modifying and adapting secondhand objects and a sense of humor and whimsy. A steampunk-themed bedroom is a great choice for anyone who loves the Victorian style, marches to the beat of their own drummer or just loves the anachronistic/futuristic look. Look for Subdued Colors and Interesting Textures The color scheme for a steampunk bedroom is not gloomy, but is subdued. This is not the style for bright colors, wild patterns or lively, ethnic looks. Colors that work well for this design theme include: †¢ Grays †¢ Browns †¢ Cream †¢ Burgundy or deep red †¢ Deep purple †¢ Black Create interesting contrast with the use ofShow MoreRelatedApplications For Real World Problems1534 Words   |  7 PagesSomeone who applies his or her knowledge of the pure sciences to make practical applications for real world problems is by definition an engineer. Engineers are the people who create solutions to issues that the world faces on a daily basis, from miniscule problems such as creating a more ergonomic workplace to large scale issues such as global warming. Without engineers the world would not be as advanced as it is today, we would all still be clueless about electricity, we wouldn’t have theRead MoreConcerns of Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources1141 Words   |  5 Pagesare many concerns on how to make the world a better place to live. One of the biggest issues is our energy and power resources. Green energy is renewable energy that is environmental friendly, and forms of green energy include geothermal, hydropower, solar, and wind energy. Nonrenewable resources, as the name implies, are resources for which there is a limited supply, and forms of nonrenewable resources include fossil fuels and nuclear energy. Much of our world is using fossil fuels, but in the processRead MoreEnergy1130 Words   |  5 Pagesconverting energy from one form to electricity. The process used may be a direct conversion process, where the energy source is converted directly to electricity. An example of this is solar photovoltaic cells, which converts the energy found in solar radiation directly to electricity. An indirect conversion process consist s of converting energy from one form, to an intermediate form, to electricity. Coal-fired generating plants are an example of the indirect process, as the chemical energy releasedRead MoreRenewable Resources For Renewable Energy1438 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinition, energy is power that is harnessed from physical or chemical resources, often utilized in order to produced light, heat or fuel. It can be extracted from various renewable or non-renewable sources and has become a necessity for day to day life. Currently non-reusable resources account for the majority of energy production. The prominence of fossil fuels in the energy sector validates this claim. At the same time this statement reveals a major world issue in regards to energy sustainabilityRead MoreNuclear Energy Is A Viable Source Of Energy980 Words   |  4 PagesA much as nuclear power is a viable source of energy, it has some setbacks. The radioactive waste produced by the reactors need to be disposed off properly s ince they can be overly hazardous and may leak some radiations if not properly stored. Such forms of waste emits radiations from few to very many years. These emissions are deemed to harm the future generations greatly. The storage of the radioactive waste has been a major hindrance to the expansion programs. Thus, this essay aims at discussingRead MoreRenewable Energy : Improving Solar Energy1510 Words   |  7 PagesKwaku Sefah Jr Major: Math November 27, 2014 Topic: Solar Energy Improving Solar energy in the United States Audience: Home owners Executive Summary: Solar energy has been in existence for a longer than any of us will imagine. Of course the sun is the oldest and most basic source of energy. Solar technology has been in existence since the 7th century B.C. Solar energy is a clean and renewable energy that does not have most of the problems fossil fuels have. There are three types of solar technologyRead MoreNuclear Energy As A Power Source1322 Words   |  6 PagesThe choice of whether or not to use nuclear energy as a power source is admittedly a controversial one. When people think about nuclear energy it can often be from a negative point of view. People are concerned about nuclear energy, perhaps even rightfully so, because of the potential for deadly accidents to occur, the generation of toxic radioactive waste, and release of radiation into the environment if such waste is improperly stored. However, many consider these concerns to be overly exaggeratedRead MoreEnvironmental Load Of Coal Gas1084 Words   |  5 Pagesresp onsible for 2,043 Mt (37.8%). Coal fired power plants produced 76% of the electricity sector’s CO2 emissions, with the most of the remaining emissions coming from natural gas-fired power plants. With new clean air standards being signed into law every year, coal-fired power plants are facing a serious push towards clean coal technology. Coal resources are abundant throughout the world, inexpensive, and relatively stable in price compared other energy resources such as natural gas. For this reasonRead More1: What Types Of Energy Resources Provide Most Of The World’S1306 Words   |  6 Pages1: What types of energy resources provide most of the world’s power? Why do you think this is? First, a sociological positive feedback mechanism has formed. Since most of society uses fossil fuels, other people use fossil fuels too like sheep. Second, generally, money indeed buys happiness, and only the amount of money needed changes with economic class. Fossil fuels are both dirt cheap to start using and to continue using. Third, the United States likely is an outlier in the pie chart due to itsRead MoreCochran Boiler1500 Words   |  6 Pagesfire tube boiler.It is a low pressure,medium capacity boiler.The maximum capacity of cochran boiler is about 4000 kg of steam per hour and the maximum pressure of steam produced is about 10 bat.It mainly consists of a cylindrical shell with hemispherical crown, fire box,grate, combustion chamber,smoke box and chimney for connecting pressure gauge, water gauge, safety valve,steam stop value,fusible plug. The boiler is filled with water to the specified level using a feed pump.The feed check valve

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Consuming Kids The Commercialization Of Childhood

The film, â€Å"Consuming Kids: The Commercialization of Childhood† takes a closer look at how the negative impact advertising and marketing is having on the children who are the main targeted audience especially because they are easy to manipulate. The United States is a country that cares a lot about consumers. People are around advertisement and marketing all the time in every place they go. In fact, people live to buy, people need and want things constantly and it will never stop. In the American economy consumerism may be a leading role. Most would say the advertisements are a way to promote information about services and products, but in most cases, it involves deception and manipulation. For years now consumerism has been the trademark of the American way of life and now that society has embraced it so fully, it seems that even children are being born and raised with the same mindset. The kids influence their parents buying decicions and they’re the adult consum ers of the future.Our bank account might be affected by advertisement, but many adults don’t realize the ways are brain are affected by it. Parents have to teach their kids that many of the things advertise are not good, by not always buying what their kids want. Government regulations need to put a stop to corporations that live, breathe and sell the idea of consumerism to children. I agree with the film â€Å"Consuming Kids: The Commercialization of Childhood†. I realized how entirely unaware I am in the marketingShow MoreRelatedEvaluating Attainment by Children: Bridging Conspicuous Consumption with Fundamental Elements of Obtaining Commodities 1747 Words   |  7 Pagesthat children from an early age must become consumers to ensure global economies prosper through mass individual spending on goods and services (Preston, 2005; OBarr, 2008). Mass organizations market young people as a lucrative source of profit by consuming commodities (Tepperman, Albanese, Curtis , 2014, p. 66). Advertisements focus on explaining a commodity to children, by exciting their interests and how it can be used, whereas marketing focuses on pastime activities and behaviours of children (PrestonRead MoreChild Marketing Is A Social Problem1345 Words   |  6 PagesThe video â€Å"consuming kids† throws greatly needed radiance on the deeds of an unrelenting multi-billion dollar advertising machine that sells junk food, bogus educational stuff, family cars and ferocious video games to children and their parents. Drawing on the approaches of health care scientists, children activitists and organizational insiders, the video concentrates on the volatile growth of child marketing. It achieves this through deregulation where the youth have now adopted the latest improvementsRead MoreHow Marketing Affects Children1655 Words   |  7 Pagesthe outcome it can cause in the future. All around the world, many kids are produced in the consumerism trade through the tradem ark of marketing industry and lifestyle the society has embraced into the children lives today. This paper will explore the causes of how marketing affects children and this will affect the generations to come in the future which disappoints the parents and generates the parent’s way of raising their kids without the exploitation of the social media. I will argue that theRead MoreEssentialist vs. Social Constructionist Approach1899 Words   |  8 PagesMillions of events occur every day and how is what makes the news is decided? Well mainstream media tends to only report on things that are newsworthy and well make a good story and bring in viewers. Like seen in the documentary â€Å"Consuming Kids: The Commercialization of Childhood†, the idea that people are seeing as objects of money making, everyone holds the master status of being a consumer. In today’s society, there is a consumer society where people link the idea of being happy or successful, andRead Mor eHow Marketers And Marketers Influence The Creation Of The Consumer1840 Words   |  8 Pageswhichever demographic they are trying to persuade. Continuing on, the way consumers would believe in a product, is when they can envision themselves into being more desirable than they already are. In the documentary, Consuming Kids: The Commercialization of Childhood, written and directed by Adriana Barbaro and Jeremy Earp, it presents the tactic of product placement, which entails that a company promotes its products through the appearance it has on television, movie, and other media. InRead MoreMarketing For Children s Brand Preferences1990 Words   |  8 Pagesconcentrated on children items such as sweets and toys; nowadays, marketers have diversified the products to include clothes, shoes, fast foods, electrical appliances and toiletries and adult products such as automobiles and credit products. In Consuming Kids Film, marketers employ the help of professionals such as psychologists and behavioral scientists to assist them in shaping children’s brand preferences (Bakir, 2013). Psychologists are used to understa nd the children’s development differencesRead MoreAdvertising : A Safe Haven For Children1860 Words   |  8 Pageswork, the exploitation of children in this deceptive manner is bothersome; the fact that advertisers do not hesitate to take advantage of this knowledge in order to profit off children is infuriating. Congress should reverse their deregulation of childhood advertisement and limit the amount of commercials directed to children explicitly. They should also inform parents on how to teach their children how to interpret advertisements and ways that will limit their child’s exposure to commercials. ItRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pagescomputer being used. The person preparing the program (called a programmer) has to know each operation code and has to remember what data he or she has stored in every memory cell. Obviously, machine language programming is very difficult and time consuming. (As we will learn later in this chapter, programs can be written in languages that are easier for us to use and then automatically translated into machine language, so almost no one programs in machine language today.) Once the entire machineRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 PagesDetroit with only his chief operating ofï ¬ cer (COO), Wolfgang Bernhard, to a welcome that was anything but friendly. During a press conference, Zetsche was asked how many more Germans they should expect in Detroit. He replied: ‘Four. My wife and three kids.’ Excluding one-time write-offs, Chrysler Group lost US$1.8 billion in the last two quarters of 2000. Within DC, the Mercedes Car Group was producing strong cash ï ¬â€šows and in Stuttgart, the public opinion was that Mercedes was ï ¬ nancing the rest of the

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Parkinsons Disease Essay - 1642 Words

Parkinsons Disease Parkinson’s Disease (PD), the shaking palsy first described by James Parkinson in 1817, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which affects in upwards of 1.5 million Americans. The disease begins to occur around age 40 and has incidence with patient age. One survey found that PD may affect 1% of the population over 60. Incidence seems to be more prominent in men, and tends to progress to incapacity and death over one or two decades. Clinical diagnosis of PD is currently solely dependent on the presentation of the symptoms by the patient which reflect a deficiency of striatal dopamine caused by the destruction of the cells in the substantia nigra. Imaging and other laboratory techniques can be used to†¦show more content†¦Gastrointestinal dysfunction is probably the most common autonomic problem in PD. Sialorrhea, excessive production of saliva, is a common late symptom seen in Parkinson’s. This is probably due to the lack of autonomic swallowing and is therefore regarded as being due to hypokinesia (Korczyn, 464). In more advanced cases, difficulties in swallowing may need to be alleviated by administration of drugs which liquefy the saliva. Constipation is also a common clinical autonomic symptom. This is often made worse by the use of the anti-Parkinsonian drugs. Weight loss to varying degrees can also accompany the disease. Cardiovascular problems can be seen in PA patients, but these are to a lesser extent than the gastrointestinal problems. Cardiac arrhythmia’s were found in a number of patients, but the most incapacitating cardiovascular symptom is orthostatic hypotension. Interestingly, the hypotension in PD is more common following meals. This hypotension can also be caused by Parkinson drug treatment including Levodopa (Korczyn, 465). These symptoms can be seen in most PD patients, and the pattern by which they appear seems to be quite different from those seen in a normal progressive autonomic failure. The cause of PD is still unknown at this time, although a number of theories are presentlyShow MoreRelatedThe Parkinsons Disease1596 Words   |  6 PagesMany people around the world today suffer from Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders. A movement disorder is a disorder impairing the speed, fluency, quality, and ease of movement. There are many types of movement disorders such as impaired fluency and speed of movement (dyskinesia), excessive movements (hyperkinesia), and slurred movements (hypokinesia). Some types of movement disorders are ataxia, a lack of coordination, Huntingtons disease, multiple system atrophies, myoclonus, briefRead MoreThe Parkinsons Disease761 Words   |  3 PagesMathur states that â€Å"Genetics loads the gun, environment pulls the trigger† (Mathur). Parkinson’s Disease (PD) exhibits this pattern, with the vast majority of PD cases being idiopathic, likely the result of combined genetic and environmental factors. While many researchers previously sought symptom-specific treatment, recent breakthroughs open the door for the discovery of genetic and environmental causes so that disease prevention, and even reversal, emerge as viable possibilities. Recent research demonstratesRead More Parkinsons Disease Essay1764 Words   |  8 PagesParkinson’s disease (PD) is a striatal dopamine deficiency disorder as a consequence of neuronal loss in the substania nigra. It is named after James Parkinson, a British apothecary, who first fully documented its physical signs in 1817. Since then, significant advances have been made in our understanding of characteristic pathophysiology as well as in the medical treatment of different stages of PD. An overview of condition features in terms of epidemiology, manifestations, diagnosis and diseaseRead MoreParkinson’s Disease Essay1446 Words   |  6 PagesParkinson’s Disease is known as one of the most common progressive and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. It belongs to a group of conditions known as movement disorders. Parkinson disease is a component of hypokinetic disorder because it causes a decreased in bodily movement. It affects people who are usually over the age of 50. It can i mpair an individual motor as well as non-motor function. Some of the primary symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are characterized by tremors or trembling in handsRead MoreEssay on Parkinson’s Disease1305 Words   |  6 PagesParkinson’s Disease (PD) is a chronic neurological disease that effects about 329 per 100,000 people in the US. The average onset of this disease usually is for people over the age of 50, with the baby boomers getting older there may be an increase in this disease, as much as 9 million people worldwide. (Pawha 2010) Etiology The disease happens when the cells in the brain are damaged or stop-producing Dopamine, which helps with muscle movement, thus leaves those patients unable to control theirRead MoreParkinson’s Disease Essay1260 Words   |  6 PagesParkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s Disease (PD), known for its degenerative abilities and debilitating affects, is an illness that affects approximately 1 million Americans. The cause of this disease has not been pinpointed, although strides have been made towards a cure. As our elderly population increases, so does our overwhelming need to find a suitable cure that may one day eliminate this disease. Concepts of PD After watching the video: My father, My Brother, and Me, viewable at www.pbsRead MoreParkinsons Disease Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pages Parkinsons Disease Parkinsons is an idiopathic, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that attacks neurotransmitters in the brain called dopamine. Dopamine is concentrated in a specific area of the brain called the substantia nigra. The neurotransmitter dopamine is a chemical that regulates muscle movement and emotion. Dopamine is responsible for relaying messages between the substantia nigra and other parts of the brain to control body movement. The death of these neurotransmitters affectsRead MoreEssay Parkinsons Disease3763 Words   |  16 PagesParkinsons Disease In 1817, James Parkinson published his famous treatise: An Essay on the Shaking Palsy, describing the symptoms which now collectively bear his name. Although many scientists before his time had described various aspects of motor dysfunction (ataxia, paralysis, tremor) Parkinson was the first to collect them into a common syndrome; one which he believed formed a distinctive condition. His sixty-six page essay contained five chapters describing symptoms, differential diagnosesRead MoreEssay on Parkinson’s Disease2135 Words   |  9 PagesParkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s disease is a disease with a wide variety of disabilities recognizable as changes in appearance, posture, walking, and balance. In 1817, the English physician James Parkinson described these symptoms in his patients and has had his name become synonymous with the disease. In 1893 the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia was identified as an area of disease for Parkinson’s. Examination with the naked eye reveals a lack of black pigment in this portion of the brainstemRead MoreEssay on Parkinsons Disease4145 Words   |  17 Pages Parkinson’s Disease (from hereon PD) is an extrapyramidal disorder characterized primarily by massive idiopathic degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, resulting in greatly decreased levels of dopamine in the striatum. The diagnosis, which is essentially a clinical judgment due to the lack, thus far of a simple diagnostic test, has historically been on the basis of the presence of at least two of the three main features of PD: bradykinesia (or akinesia or hypokinesia), rigidity

Discover Your Inner Economist Free Essays

string(71) " Cowen believes that we are also consumed with the desire for control\." In his delightfully witty and humorous book, â€Å"Discover Your Inner Economist†, Cowen takes the dry and serious subject of economics from the mundane to the everyday. He begins by subtly stating that economics is not about money, but other motivations. â€Å"The critical economic problem is scarcity,† he says. We will write a custom essay sample on Discover Your Inner Economist or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Money is scarce, but in most things the scarcity of time, attention, and caring is more important. † In a highly aimless, rambling style, Cowen leads the reader down many divergent paths from topic to topic, covering everything from how to talk your spouse out of buying a warranty on a new purchase to why your daughter will not wash the dishes to why we do not have to eat â€Å"sunk costs. † Throughout the book, two themes are clear. The first is that everyone is very self-centered, and motivation is all about â€Å"Me†, or as Cowen calls it, â€Å"the Me Factor†. The next motif, although highly correlated to the former, is control. Both themes encompass the concept of identifying motivation. â€Å"The key to tapping your Inner Economist†, Cowen explains, is the ability to identify people’s true incentives, which are usually more than money. Suppose you want your daughter to help out around the house by washing dishes. Should you pay her? Bad idea†, Cowen warns. â€Å"If you explain that washing dishes is her family responsibility, she may not always obey, but at least she’ll feel some obligation. Bring payment into the picture, and her motivation changes. It becomes a market transaction†, writes Cowen, and â€Å"the parent becomes a boss rather than an object of deserved loyalty. † The point is that your daughter will soon come to realize that she would rather work for someone else. â€Å"Expect dirtier dishes,† Cowen concludes. Motivation and incentives are clearly interesting to us all, whether we acknowledge it or not. In his book, Cowen offers some unique theories on motivation and incentives. Big business is very interested in the concept of motivation; as the goal of any business is to be most productive, and this requires motivating employees to become their most productive. It is the responsibility of managers to strive to motivate employees so that they will make valuable contributions to the organization. Managers most frequently do this by offering rewards to motivate people to share their talents with the company. Managers seek to ensure that people are motivated to contribute important inputs to the organization, that these inputs are focused in the direction of high performance and that high performance results in employees obtaining the outcomes that they desire. Management theorists have come up with many theories to explain what creates a motivated workforce. Cowen believes that small improvements in understanding will bring a much better use of incentives (motivation). Cowen uses economic theory as the basis for using pattern recognition to incentivize. His book does not offer management theory, however, the author focuses on learning how humans in general are motivated, and these theories can be applied to business, personal lives, and just ordinary living. Study and research have proven that motivated employees are more productive than those employees who lack motivation. On this assumption, a look at some of the most widely known motivation theories may add some insight into the role of incentives as effective motivators. Frederick Herzberg’s theory is based on two factors: Hygiene and Motivation. The hygiene factors are based on extrinsic values such as salary, working conditions, ergonomics, status, and company policies. These factors, according to the theory, do not lead to motivation, but the absence of positive hygiene factors causes dissatisfaction. Herzberg’s other factor is motivation, which encompasses those work conditions that prompt intrinsic motivation. These factors include job satisfaction, growth, achievement, and recognition. According to this theory, in order for employees to be motivated, there must be low levels of dissatisfaction and high levels of motivational factors. Herzberg suggests these factors should be used together to reduce dissatisfaction and increase motivation to achieve high productivity. Another famous motivation theory is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. This theory is based on the concept of levels of needs in human beings. This theory suggests that each level of need must be satisfied before someone is motivated to achieve the next level. The lowest level is physiological, then safety, then love, esteem, and finally self-actualization. The following chart from Accel- Team illustrates Maslow’s theory: (Accel Team, 2007) From an economist’s point of view, in Cowen’s book, one economist, Colin Camerer took a poll at the Davos World Economics Forum and polled big business gurus as their ideas on motivation. The number one and two answers were, respectively, Recognition and Respect, and Achievement and Accomplishment. Never mind that the sources may have been slightly skewed, he was polling a particularly successful group of businessmen and not average employees, but the point is that money did not make the top two as far as incentives go. Cowen does provide money its proper place within the motivation/incentive model, however. He does not dismiss money as a primary motivator, he merely sets it aside as the single most obvious incentive to allow thought for other, equally motivating incentives. Cowen demonstrates by example how the idea of everything being â€Å"up for market† is repulsive to humans. He notes that there are some things that simply cannot be motivated through monetary incentives. At the beginning of the book, as mentioned above, Cowen discusses the resistance of his stepdaughter, Yana, to washing the dishes. After he and his wife resorted to paying her, â€Å"she did them for about a week and then stopped,† he says. â€Å"I knew this could happen. I understood that there is such a thing as intrinsic motivation and that if you pay people, you might weaken that. What I didn’t really â€Å"get† was the control issue. That when you start paying people to do a thing, they often see it as control. † But there was a happy ending: After Yana read the book, she started doing the dishes. For free. Cowen believes that we are also consumed with the desire for control. You read "Discover Your Inner Economist" in category "Papers" Cowen argues that if you want to have more control of what happens around you, you need to know how to balance the kinds of incentives you offer. As far as good reading, unfortunately, there are not enough economic tricks that break down neatly into interesting advice. When he discusses the techniques for motivating your dentist, like giving them a bonus for cavities well filled, he ends with, â€Å"I don’t think I can control my dentist or receive the very best care. By giving up this quest for control, however, I might get care that is just a little better than average. † Is that really any advice, or just an economist attempting to relate to real humans? Economics cannot tell you what the price of gold will be next week. But it can help you choose good restaurants, promises Cowen. The best sections of the book concern tactics for maximizing one’s cultural consumption, (at least according to Cowen’s standards). Cowen explains that those of us who enjoy unique and tasty flavors in our meals should avoid restaurants located in fancy shopping malls or on major thoroughfares. These restaurants must pay high rents to occupy such locations and, therefore, they need customers in high volumes. Because these restaurants must appeal to large audiences, meals there will be more predictable and bland than those served in restaurants located off beaten paths. So if you’re hankering for dinner at a restaurant featuring bold or unusual tastes – at a restaurant that serves ethnic dishes that are truly authentic — you’ll have better luck going to a Chinese or Ethiopian or Cajun (or whatever ethnic variety you crave) restaurant that is located on a side street or in a suburban strip mall. With lower rents to pay, such off-the-beaten-path eateries are more likely than are restaurants in high-rent locations to cater to serious foodies. Choosing a restaurant is just one of many important and surprising insights offered in Cowen’s book. He lists eight strategies for taking control of one’s reading, which include ruthless skipping around, following one character while ignoring others, and even going directly to the last chapter. Your eighth-grade English teacher would faint. But the principle here is valuing the scarcity of your own time, which people often fail to do. It works for movies, too—Cowen will go to the multiplex and watch parts of three or four movies, rather than just sit through one. Why wait for a highly predictable ending when a fabulous scene might be unfolding in the movie playing next door? Cowen also offers advice for how to defeat the boredom that, despite our best intentions to be culturally literate, overtakes many of us minutes after we enter an art museum. How do we deal with this â€Å"scarcity of attention†? Pretend to be an art thief, he suggests—in every gallery, pick one picture that we’d like to run off with. Sounds juvenile, admits Cowen, but it â€Å"forces us to keep thinking critically† rather than daydream about the snack bar. Cowen doesn’t really attempt to offer serious advice. He does offer some interesting anecdotes, however. Among the most valuable insights that economics does offer about investing is to ignore anyone who announces publicly that he knows what will happen to stock prices tomorrow. Anyone who sincerely believes himself to possess such knowledge will not give it away or sell it on the cheap. To do so would be like passing out hundred-dollar bills to strangers or offering to sell hundred-dollar bills for $25 apiece: Very few people are so selfless. If I am confident that shares of, say, IBM will rise tomorrow, I don’t want other people competing with me to scoop up IBM shares. But finding a good meal, well, that’s a different story. The most interesting insight for me is that bygones are not always best treated as bygones. The mid-19th-century economist William Stanley Jevons famously wrote that â€Å"bygones are forever bygones. † Economists have overwhelmingly taken Jevons’ statement as advice to ignore sunk costs. This advice generally is sensible. Suppose you’ve spent $10 million building a machine that can do nothing but produce chocolate-covered pickles. You discover soon afterward that no one wants to buy your product. Your wisest course from this point forward is to suck up the loss. Continuing to produce chocolate-covered pickles that no one wants to buy will only deepen your losses, doing nothing to help you recover your investment. But Cowen shows that bygones should not be treated as bygones in all areas of life. When our self-image is at stake, past choices — costs that are irrevocable — often remain relevant for guiding our decisions today. Self –deception is another theme through which Cowen offers examples of our â€Å"Me First† mentality. For example, many of us think of ourselves as physically fit. Because of this self-image, we often buy memberships in gyms. But on many an evening, after a long day at work, we’re typically tempted to relax at home rather than spend an hour exercising at the gym. The economically â€Å"rational† decision is to stay home and relax if that’s what you prefer doing this evening. After all, whether you go to the gym or not, the money you’ve spent on your gym membership is already spent. You’ll not get that money back if you don’t use the gym this evening. So the fact that you’ve already paid for a gym membership should not factor into your decision on whether to go to the gym today. But sometimes this fact does indeed matter. Sometimes we think, â€Å"Geez, I’ve paid for that gym membership. I should go. † And we then summon our remaining energy and head off for some exercise — even though if we hadn’t paid for the gym membership, we definitely would avoid the gym this evening. Again, as a narrow economic matter, that’s a silly thing to say and do. From a less-narrow perspective it’s entirely reasonable. By going to the gym we reinforce our positive self-interest. And if the mental trick of pretending that sunk costs are relevant helps in this effort, it’s a worthwhile thing to think. For a wonderfully enjoyable and practically useful read you can do no better than to discover your inner economist by reading Tyler Cowen’s new book. Tyler Cowen is a professor of economics at George Mason University. He is a prominent blogger at marginalrevolution, the world’s leading economics blog. He also writes regularly for The New York Times, and has written for Forbes, The Wall Street Journal, and The Washington Post. The book is a quirky, penetrating caper through everyday life that reveals how you can turn economic reasoning to your advantage—often when you least expect it to be relevant. Cowen aims to not â€Å"hit the reader over the head with economic principles, † but to offer an alternative viewpoint of economics and how it really can improve anyone’s everyday life. Even if you don’t agree with all of Cowen’s cheerfully offered opinions, it’s a pleasure to accompany him through his various interests and obsessions. How to cite Discover Your Inner Economist, Papers

Work Flow Analysis Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: What is business process design Why is it important for the organization? Answer: The organizations rapidly understand that the initial step of any major project is to examine as well as define the business process and then converse those procedures to the people who require them. This applies to all irrespective integrating standalone IT project; applying web services to link an ad-hoc association of partners plus suppliers. The business process is mainly a set of rationally linked business activists that incorporate to provide something that value to consumers. The business process can be viewed individually as distinct steps in a business cycle, or cumulatively a set of actions that make the value chain of a company and involved that specific value chain with the requirement of the consumer (Cousins and Stewart, 2017). The business process is created within an organization to deliver some valuable things to the customers. Moreover, a companys business process can be described in best way by the business process model. The business process is completely free of who runs the activities along with the firms organizational structure. The above portion is the synopsis of the journal article named What is Business Process Design and Why Should I care? by Jay Cousin and Tony Stewart, RivCom Ltd. IN this article the author tries to provide the idea of the business process design and the application of the business process design. The authors try to evaluate the benefits of the business process design and to provide the explanation about the importance of the business process design in the running of the business effectively. As per the author, the business process vital is vital for ensuring the sustainability of the business organization as well as for the sustainable development of the organization. The business process can be understood by the business process model. That help in delivering something valuable to the consumer of the company. The article provides adequate knowledge about the business process design and its importance in the business. It provides the idea that efficiently designed business process help in improving the potentiality of the business as well as it supports the value chain of the company and helps in delivering value to the customers money thus it increases the customer's satisfaction. To understand the business process and the business process model is important to know what the company intend to deliver to their consumers and what value the customers. It supports in improving the business of the organization. References Cousins, J. and Stewart, T. (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.rivers-family.info/resources/RivCom-WhatIsBPD-WhyShouldICare.pdf

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Think Tank Essay Research Paper The word free essay sample

Think Tank Essay, Research Paper The word think normally refers to the individuals encephalon and the actions that it does. The word armored combat vehicle can intend many things but frequently people think of a armored combat vehicle turn overing across a unfastened desert. The term think armored combat vehicle, it merely doesn t seem like proper English, but it is really a proper term used on appraising the landscape in Canada. Think armored combat vehicles are really policy institutes and have been a seeable presence on the Canadian political landscape in Canada. Think armored combat vehicles in Canada and, for that affair, in all advanced industrial and developing states such as our neighbours to the south the united provinces of United States, portion a common desire to determine and model public sentiment and public policy. They all vary well in footings of size, resources, countries of expertness, and the quality and measure of publications they produce with Canada when comparing to the USA is highly smaller. We will write a custom essay sample on Think Tank Essay Research Paper The word or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A think armored combat vehicle may dwell of a smattering of people involved actively in analyzing a peculiar policy country who seek, inform and educate policy shapers and the populace through a assortment of channels. The bulk of think armored combat vehicles in Canada autumn into this class. At the opposite extreme, a think armored combat vehicle may house several hundred economic experts, political scientists and statisticians who provide expertness on a wide scope of issues. An illustration of a think armored combat vehicle is the Security and Defense forum whose authorization is to promote preparation of Canadian experts on military and strategic issues, in order to react to show and future security demands and elicit a countrywide involvement in these issues. The USA keep some of the largest think armored combat vehicles in the universe. Given the enormous diverseness of think armored combat vehicles that exist in many advanced industrial states, it is non surprising that book mans have consciously avoided seeking to specify these establishments. Indeed, other that admiting that think armored combat vehicles are non-profit-making, nonpartizan organisations engaged in the survey of public policy, few bookmans have outlined other standards which would let them to separate between think armored combat vehicles and other types of non-profit-making governmental non-profit-making organisations including involvement groups, spiritual motions and, trade brotherhoods which besides seek to supply policy advise to authorities. In fact, as involvement groups have attempted to get greater policy expertness to heighten their position in the policy doing community and as think armored combat vehicles have looked to involvement groups to larn more about lobbying schemes, institutional differences between think armored combat vehicles and involvement groups have become progressively bleary. The following thing that this essay will cover with is the legion moving ridges of think armored combat vehicles, the first one being governmental specializers. In the first moving ridge, several royal committees and undertaking forces had been created to look into peculiar policy inquiries and to do suggestions on how the authorities could turn to and decide specific jobs. However, despite the of import function played by several of these organic structures, they merely remained in being until their authorization was completed. permenate authorities occupations is what was losing in this procedure. the 2nd moving ridge, the creative activity of authorities councils helped to make full the nothingness in the governmental setup, but considerable spreads in the research community remained. In detecting the progressively crowded think armored combat vehicle community in Canada, there is a inclination to presume, normally without foundation, that think armored combat vehicles exercise considerable influence in the political sphere. We are frequently left with the feeling that these organisations are mostly responsible for determining the political and economic docket of authorities. Unfortunately, few bookmans have attempted to explicate how to mensurate the influence of think armored combat vehicles allow entirely how they seek to accomplish it. Although it is hard to accurately measure how much or small influence think armored combat vehicles wield in policy devising procedure, it is non-the less possible to do informed judgements about the nature of thinks armored combat vehicles influences. A utile point of going is to analyze the assorted channels think armored combat vehicles relay on to exert influence. While some schemes that think armored combat vehicles rely on in order to heighten their position in the policymaking communities are concealed from the populace, many can be easy identified. In shutting, think armored combat vehicles are a large portion of the workings of the Canadian authorities, they are in charge of doing and researching our authorities s policies. Without think armored combat vehicles to research the policies that are being made, we would hold no hint in the impact that think armored combat vehicles are act uponing today s political docket. Think armored combat vehicles have become lasting fixtures in the policy devising process..

Sunday, March 22, 2020

Investigation on Effects of DOPA pH on Enzyme Activity Essay Example

Investigation on Effects of DOPA pH on Enzyme Activity Paper How do the different pH buffers affect activity of potato enzyme/extract? Introduction: Proteins are polymers that are made up of smaller units/monomers called amino acids. There are 20 different types of amino acids, thus make up many different combinations in types, numbers of amino acids as well as their orders an explanantion for why there are so many proteins. Every protein, due to various reactions of amino acids to each other, have its own three dimensional structures and therefore, function (Reece JB and others 2011). Proteins are fundamental substance that perform various range of metabolism in the organisms body such as fghting pathogens, sending signals, catalyzes reactions, storing substance, or acting as building blocks of body parts (Reece JB and other 2011). Proteins are grouped into four structures includin primary, secondary, tertiary, and quarternary. Primary structure of protein is composed of a single chain of amino acid without any foldings (The Medical Biochemistry Page, 2013). However, most proteins are active under secondary, tertiary, or quarternary structures. These strucures involve foldings due to he attachment between amino acids including hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, and Van de Waals force (The Medical Biochemistry Page, 2013). Proteins could be denatured due to the effects of temperature or PH. A decrease in pH level causes the environment surrounding to have a more positive charge while an increase in pH level causes the surroundings to have a more negative charge. (Aune, Salahuddin, Zalengo and Tanford 1967). Enzyme is a type of proteins that, by decreasing the activation energy needed for a chemical reaction, can therefore gives a start to that chemical reaction. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigation on Effects of DOPA pH on Enzyme Activity specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Investigation on Effects of DOPA pH on Enzyme Activity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Investigation on Effects of DOPA pH on Enzyme Activity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Either atabolic or anabolic reactions need an enzyme to occur (Reece JB and others 2011). Every enzyme has an active site (Reece JB and others 2011). Enzymes metabolism occurs as enzyme binds to a substrate, which is specific to its enzymes structure and function, to form an enzyme2 subtrate complex (The Medical Biochemistry Page, 2013). As an enzyme binds to its substrate, the enzyme slight changes shape. (Reece JB and others 2011) Enzymes are denatured due to changes in temperature and pH as other types of proteins are. A slight change in pH away from the proteins optimal pH level can cause huge loss to he activitiy of an enzyme. In a strong basic or acidic pH solution, enzymes are denatured quickly and lose their functions. For most proteins, the optimal pH is around 7. 2 and 7. 4 (University Leipzeig, 2013). In this experiment, the enzyme activity (which is included in the potato extract) is measured in DOPA of pH 6. 8 and of pH 5. 0. If enzyme activity is measured in environment of DOPA pH 6. 8 and DOPA pH 5. 0, enzyme activity will be higher in DOPA environment that the enzymes are introduced in are shifted away from its optimal pH, causing denaturation and lowering enzyme activity, resulting in lower enzyme ctivity comaring to DOPA pH 6. . Materials and Methods: Gloves and goggles were always on over the course of this lab. Potato extract and four 15mL conical tubes were obtained. One was labeled phosphate buffer and 5mL of 0. 1M phosphate buffer was added in. Another one was labeled dH20 and add 5mL of distilled water. Another conical tube was labeled DOPA 5. 0 and add 3mL of DOPA pH 5. 0. The last one was labeled DOPA 6. 8 and add 3mL of pH 6. 8. Everything was kept on ice until needed. Spectrometer was calibrated followed inspectors instruction. Then 4 cuvettes were obtained. For the first cuvette, 2mL of DOPA 6. and 100pL of enzyme were added (enzymes should always be put last into the cuvettes). This cuvette was then placed in the spectrometer and spectrometer was used to measure enzyme activity. When absorbance data reached 200s in spectrometer, this cuvette was removed. The second cuvette had 2mL of 3 distilled water and 100pL of enzyme added in it and was placed into the spectrometer to measure enzyme activity until it reaches 200s. 2mL of distilled water and 100pL of DOPA 6. 8 was added into the third cuvette. It was then placed in the pectrometer to get measures for enzyme activity. th cuvette had 2mL of DOPA 5. 0 and 100pL of enzyme added in it and was placed into spectrometer to get measurements as for the first three cuvettes. When the experiment is finished, the waste was disposed properly. Results: Through the course of this experiment, the effects of different pH levels on enzyme activity. was examined. It was found that enzyme activity under DOPA of pH 6. 8 was higher than enzyme activity in DOPA of pH 5. 0. The percent change of Dopachrome formed for 50s of the experiment was calculated along with the overall percentage hange of Dopachrome formed (Figure 1). These calculated results were greater for enzyme activity in pH 6. 8 than Percent change of Dopachrome formed (%) that in pH 5. 0. 73. 7 80. 0 70. 0 60. 0 50. 0 40. 0 19. 7 20. 9 20. 0 5. 9 10. 0 0. 0 PH 6. 8 PH 5. 0 PH of DOPA 50S -100S 100S 1 50S -200S 50s-200s (Total change) The Effects of Different pH on Enzyme Activity Figure 1: The Effects of Different pH on Enzyme Activity 4 Discussion: The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effect of different pH of DOPA on activity of enzymes. Percentage change of Dopachrome formed was calculated. The hypothesis for this experiment was stated that the enzyme activity would be higher in DOPA pH 6. 8 than that in DOPA pH 5. 0. This hypothesis was supported. Percent enzyme in DOPA pH 5. 0, meaning that the enzymes in pH 6. 8 work better than those in pH 5. 0. This likely happens due to the effect of enzyme denaturation. Since most enzymes have optimal pH of 7. 2 to 7. 4 (University Leipzeig, 2013), enzymes are denatured in pH 5. 0 because the environment pH was away from its optimal pH for activity. A decrease in pH level causes a more postive charge to the environment Aune, Salahuddin, Zalengo and Tanford 1967), causing the solution to be too acidic for this enzyme that causes the enzyme to lose its shape, leading to inability to function (Reece JB and others 2011) Several random sources of errors and inconsistences could have involved throughout the experiment including inappropriate storage conditions for enzymes and DOPA, errors in conditioning pH of DOPA, uncertainty of solution conditions such as temperature or light, or unreactive enzyme. Systematic error that could have existed was bits of solution remains in transfer pipet and couldnt be fully tested. Future experiments could be conducted to investigate closely on changing the type of enzyme using or the amount of enzyme added or DOPA added could also be changed. Changing pH level to pH 8, pH 10 or changing temperature could also be extensions for future experiment. However, for any experiment that would be conducted, there is a simple rule which follows: moving away from optimal condition for an enzyme decreases that enzymes activity. Literary Cited Aune KI, Salahuddin AH, Zalengo MA, Tanford CH. 1967. Evidence for Residual Structure in Acid- and Heat- denatured Proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 242 (10): 4486 4489. Reece JB, Urry LA, Cain ML, Wasserman SA, Minorsky PV, Jackson RB. 2011. Campbell Biology, 9th edition. San Francisco: Pearson Education, 1263p. The Medical Biochemistry Page [Internet]. Updated July 21, 2013. Michael W King. [Updated July 21, 2013; cited October 28, 2013]. http://themedicalbiochemistrypage. org/protein-structure. php Universitat Leipzeig [Internet]. Updated 2013. Dr. Thole Zuchner. [Updated 2013; Cited October 22, 2013]. Avaiable from http://www. uni-leipzig. de/uspdu/docs/Protein%20guide_Storage_Working. pdf 6